关系从句

hello grammarians hello Rosie hi David so today we're going to talk about a special kind of dependent clause which again is a kind of clause that can't be a sentence on its own called a relative clause so a relative clause is a dependent clause that starts with a relative pronoun so okay so a relative pronoun is a word like who or that or which or whose or where that like like any pronoun substitutes in for another part of the sentence so for example Harry Potter is also known as the boy who lived a boy who lived yeah that's my Dumbledore I like it thank you you can see in this little snippet who is subbing in for the boy right so so it is behaving like a pronoun but a relative pronoun and so we've got this thing here who lived the boy lived on its own could be a sentence but who lived cannot be well who lived is is describing the boy so right now all of this together is just a noun phrase but who lived within this noun phrase is a relative clause so we need to find a store that sells the new willamette cold brew coffee ice cream I've heard it's really good so all of this together is a sentence this is definitely a sentence we need to find a store that sells the new willamette cold brew coffee ice cream like indisputably that is a sentence we have our subject we we have a verb need and then the object of of need is to find a store that sells the new willamette cold brew coffee ice cream but we're focusing on this yellow part here so that is substituting in for a store that's what that relative pronoun is representing and then we have that sells the news so we've got store that sells right so that is our subject here sells is the verb the new element called brew ice-cream is the object of cells and everything in yellow here all this yellow text is our relative Clause it cannot stand on its own as a sentence you could not just have that cells the new Willamette cold brew coffee ice cream on its own that doesn't work because the very presence of this relative pronoun requires more stuff to go on well let's make things a little bit more complicated the woman who always wore a red hat came into the cafe every Sunday so this sentence contains a relative clause right there in the middle of it who always wore a red hat right so we've gone who substituting in for the woman and that's the subject of the verb phrase wore a red hat but again this could not be a sentence on its own now the challenge here is when you see sentences like this in the wild and when you see sentences like these in the exercises they're not going to be differentiated for your convenience with two different colors so you have to be very careful to figure out where this dependent clause begins and ends so you can parse so you can make sense of this sentence in order to make it work so really this what is this sentence actually saying just on a base level the woman came into the cafe right and so everything else this every Sunday or who always wore a red hat that is kind of extra and so it's your job as a writer reader and editor of text as someone who is working with the english/language to puzzle it out and separate the sentence into its components right this is who always wore a red hat as a description of the woman right then we move on to the verb the action of the sentence what is she doing she came into the café's so that's not part of that relative clause the relative clause is just in this case providing some description of the woman right so use your best sense because yes it is possible that the red hat be the thing that comes into the cafe every Sunday but it's more likely that that hat is attached to the woman that was referenced earlier right so that is a relative clause you can learn anything Dave it out Rosie out