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骨骼的微观结构-骨单位

在本视频中,我们将深入探讨骨骼的微观结构,即哈氏系统(又称骨单位)。 Tracy Kim Kovach 创建

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all right so we're going to be talking about the microscopic structure of bone and in particular we're going to be talking about what is called the haversian system now let's take a piece of bone and cut it in half and see what it looks like on the inside and here we basically have a cross-section of a piece of bone so let's take a look inside now the innermost portion of this bone is made up of what is called spongy bone which is otherwise known as cancellous or trabecular bone and here you can see this arrow pointing to the trabecula of spongy bone and so it's no surprise that if you take a look at spongy bone that it looks pretty much a lot like a sponge and in fact because of all these various trabeculae or cavities the surface area of spongy bone is 10 times that of the outer layer of compact bone so basically spongy bone is just this porous network of spikes surrounding the innermost portion of bone marrow and the overall effect of this spongy network in the center of the bone is that of making the bone lighter now if you look at the periphery of the bone you have what is the harder denser layer that surrounds the spongy bone and that is called compact bone and compact bone it's no surprise that it's well more compact than spongy bone it has fewer gaps and spaces but what really makes compact bone different from spongy bone is that it has a specific type of organization made up of these osteons these repeating functional units and here's a blown-up view of an osteon and another word for these osteons is is the haversian sein system so let's talk more about this her version system so each of these osteons looks kind of like a cylinder and it has multiple concentric layers of bone or sheets really that wrap around each other to form this asean and each of these layers has called alumni lei and in the center of these layers is a canal called the haversian canal or central canal and in this canal travels blood vessels Lung vessels and nerves as well now in between these sheets of lamella are these tiny channels that are called canaliculi you can kind of see here they branch out from the central haversian canal to these empty spaces that are called lacunae and whenever you see the word lacunae or lacunae you should think empty space and so each of these lacunae is really just an empty space for osteocytes or bone cells and these osteocytes have these long cellular processes that branch through the canaliculi to contact other osteocytes via gap junctions which allow these cells to communicate with each other and exchange nutrients and and signals with each other and then finally you have these Volkmann canals which are canals that run perpendicular to the haversian canals and these connect osteons to one another and also as you can see carry their own set of small blood vessels and let's not forget that the very outer most superficial layer of bone is called the periosteum peri meaning around or surrounding and so that's the layer of bone that is on the outermost that you can actually see with the naked eye